This report provides a baseline assessment of methane emissions from Iraq’s oil and gas sector and identifies the most important priorities for mitigation. It examines emissions across upstream oil production, refineries, gas processing, flaring, venting, and transmission in 2024, drawing on official statistics, international datasets, expert input, and remote-sensing evidence. The analysis shows that methane losses remain substantial, driven mainly by fugitive emissions, gas flaring, and infrastructure constraints, while also highlighting major opportunities for low-cost, high-impact action. By establishing an Iraq-specific baseline, the report aims to support better policy design, stronger monitoring and reporting, and more effective investments to reduce emissions, improve energy efficiency, and advance Iraq’s climate and development objectives.